school of physical, environmental and mathematical sciences research

Physical Oceanography

The Physical Oceanography Research Group within PEMS seeks to advance scientific understanding of the oceans. Particular research strengths of the group involve:

Nonlinear dynamics of ocean currents
Ensemble methods in ocean modeling
Exploring hydrography and fluorescence in the EAC
High-resolution ocean modeling with Q-GCM and MITgcm
Modelling of the Yellow Sea circulation and sediment transport dynamics
Tidal effects on circulation and mixing in the Indonesian Seas and the Antarctic Seas
Oceanic nepheloid layers and their role in coastal oceanography
IMOS (Integrated Marine Observing System)
Coastal environment management
Managing Australian Defence Force activities in marine protected areas.

Members of the Physical Oceanography Research Group:

Academic Staff:

Dr Andrew Kiss (a.kiss@adfa.edu.au) BSc (Hons), PhD ANU
Dr Robin Robertson (r.robertson@adfa.edu.au ) PhD Oregon State University. Adjunct Assoc. Research Scientist: Lamont-Doherty Earth Obs. Columbia Univ. & Adjunct Scientist: UNSW Climate Change Research Centre.
Assoc Prof Xiao Hua Wang (h.wang@adfa.edu.au) BSc Shandong, PhD James Cook

Research Students:

Shengnan Chen - Research Topic -Comparative research on legal and regulatory frameworks related to integrated coastal zone management in China and Australia.
Donghui Jiang - Research Topic - An operational circulation and ecology forecast system for Jervis Bay, NSW.
Li Li - Research Topic - Modelling the sediment dynamics in Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory .
Zhaosu Meng - Research Topic - ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation) impacts on rice production in China.
Dehai Song - Research Topic - Modelling of tides, sediment and nutrients transport dynamics in coastal oceans.
Robert Woodham - Research Topic - Investigations into ensemble forecasting using a limited area oceanic model..
Wen Wu - Research Topic - Coastal management issues of Australian Defence Force activities in Australian marine protected areas.
Fan Zhang - Research Topic - Estimate the social economic benefits of ocean observing system.

Recent Graduate Students:

Vihang Bhatt , 2010, Modelling dynamics of the East Australian Current and the subtropical mode water off east coast of Australia, PhD Thesis, School of Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, Australian Defence Force Academy, UNSW, Available at:
http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/45704

Liang, Qun, 2009, Study of Marine Protected Areas in Australia and in China, Masters Thesis, School of Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, Australian Defence Force Academy, UNSW, Available at: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43716.

Recent Honours Students:

Scott Baxter - Simulation of ocean circulation beneath Pine Island glacier, Antarctica, 2009.
Danica Ellicott - Antarctic bathymetry: An assessment and assimiliation of publicly available datasets, 2009.

Research Collaborators:

Coastal oceanography and environment management

Prof. X. Bao (Ocean University of China, Qingdao)
Dr D-S. Byun (National Oceanographic Research Institute, Korea)
Dr L. Oey (Princeton University, USA )
Prof. N. Pinardi ( Bologna University, Italy)
Prof. D. Wu (Ocean University of China, Qingdao)
Prof. L. Zhao (Ocean University of China, Qingdao)

Internal tides and tidal effects on ice shelves and sea ice

Prof. N. Bindoff (Univ. of Tasmania)
Dr A. Ffield (Earth and Space Research, Grandview, NY, USA)
Prof. A. Gordon (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA )
Dr. Petra Heil (Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart , Australia)
Dr H. Hellmer (Alfred Wegener Institute fuer Polar und Meeresforshcung, Bremerhaven, Germany )
Dr S. Jacobs (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA )
Dr. Jason Middleton (SIMS-Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia )
Dr F. Nitsche (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA )
Dr. M. Roughan (SIMS-Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia )
Dr. A. Schiller (CSIRO, Marine Research, Hobart, Australia )
Dr. J. Sprintall (Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA , USA )
Prof. B. Tremblay ( McGill University, Montreal, Canada )
Dr. S. Wijffels (CSIRO, Marine Research, Hobart, Australia )
Dr X. Yuan (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA)

Ocean modelling

Dr O. Alves (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, CAWCR)
Dr M. Baird (UNSW)
Dr G. Brassington (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, CAWCR)
Dr D. Griffin (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, CMAR)
Dr A. Hogg (ANU)
Dr A. Maharaj (Macquarie University)
Prof. D. Marshall (Oxford)
Prof. J. Middleton (SIMS-UNSW)
Dr P. Oke (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, CMAR)
Dr M. Roughan (SIMS-UNSW)
Assoc. Prof. I. Suthers (SIMS-UNSW)
Dr S. Williams (USIMS-U.Syd)

Research Degrees - Apply

Scholarships - Apply

PhD Opportunities and Scholarships:

Potential PhD students are invited to discuss possible projects involving large-scale ocean dynamics or internal tides/waves.

All Australian 1st class Honours BSc graduates are eligible for a scholarship from ADFA.

Contact:
Dr Andrew Kiss (a.kiss@adfa.edu.au)
Dr Robin Robertson (r.robertson@adfa.edu.au)
Assoc Prof Xiao Hua Wang (h.wang@adfa.edu.au)

Major Facilities

The school supports field based oceanographic research with a range of instruments for in-situ measurements and access to small research vessels for inshore work. There is access to the Australian National University Supercomputer Facility.

Student Research in the Physical Oceanography Group

An operational circulation and ecology forecast system for Jervis Bay, NSW.
Donghui Jiang (d.jiang@student.adfa.edu.au) PhD
Field of Study: Oceanography

In recent years, Jervis Bay, NSW, has increasingly been used by the RAN and DSTO as a trials area for equipment testing (e.g. Unmanned Autonomous Underwater Vehicles with US Navy). In evaluation of the results of these trials, it became apparent that supporting environmental data for the bay was not available, or was insufficient for the trials. Furthermore, there exists very few 3-dimensional circulation modelling studies for the region. An exception is the study by Wang and Symonds (1999) that has a specific research interest of winter surface cooling. This project aims:

To develop a Jervis Bay ecosystem database of relevant environmental parameters encompassing the planned measurements and historical data.
To develop a high resolution 3-dimensional hydrodynamic Jervis Bay circulation model coupled with a sediment and an ecosystem model.
To calibrate/validate Jervis Bay circulation and ecosystem model with in-situ measurements.

Development of an environmental database together with operational circulation and ecology forecast models for Jervis Bay will enable more robust estimations of performance of technically complex developmental and Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) systems.

Coastal management issues of Australian Defence Force activities in Australian marine protected areas.
Wen Wu (w.wu@student.adfa.edu.au) PhD
Field of Study: Oceanography

Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with sustainable environmental management. Environmental management tools are employed to manage environmental performance, and the Environmental Management System (EMS) is used widely by the ADF. This project focuses on the Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) as a research example to examine environmental management activities by the ADF. SWBTA is one of the most significant military training areas in Australia . With its maritime part within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) and the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), and abutting Queensland's State Marine Parks, it is an important region with high environmental, ecological and heritage values. Therefore, it is difficult and complex to manage Defence activities in such an environmentally sensitive Marine Protected Area.

On the basis of reviewing the Environmental Management System (EMS), this project will focus on how the ADF EMS operates during military training, and how effective the Defence EMS is in minimizing environmental impacts and improving environmental performance in SWBTA. To sufficiently measure the Defence EMS effectiveness, the study will use the ISO 14031 Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) to develop a systematic environmental performance indicator framework by selecting a suite of environmental performance indicators (EPIs) specific to SWBTA. This framework will combine the EMS and the EPE through the EPIs. It can be used for identifying gaps between the ISO 14001 requirements and the Defence EMS steps, evaluating the ADF environmental performance, and examining whether the EMS is effective. This study will further the knowledge of Defence environmental management practice, especially in a marine environment. It is expected to form systematic evaluation outcomes on SWBTA and provide stakeholders and environmental managers with references on day- to-day environmental management activities in this area, and other military sites in the future.

Modelling the Sediment Dynamics in Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory.
Li Li (li.li@student.adfa.edu.au) PhD
Field of Study: Oceanography

Over the past 50 years both the large river catchments and coasts have been greatly modified by extensive human activities including dams and irrigation, land reclamation, and port construction. These rapid developments have altered both the flux of terrestrial materials to the sea, and their transport processes in the coastal ocean, resulting in distinct physical, chemical, and biological responses in the marine environment in the coastal oceans. Huanghe (Yellow River), Changjiang (Yangtze River) in China and Burdekin and Fitzroy Rivers in Queensland have been illustrative examples of such modifications, and the environmental issues have presented challenges to the social and economical development. This project aims: (1) to model sediment dynamics of muddy coasts and estuaries; (2) to examine the role of estuarine and coastal mud in preventing toxic/non-toxic algae blooms and sequestering nutrients and pollutants in turbid estuaries and coastal waters; and (3) to evaluate its socio-economic impact.

Investigations into ensemble forecasting using a limited area oceanic model.
Robert Woodham (Robert.Woodham@defence.gov.au) PhD
Field of Study: Ocean modelling

This research project seeks to investigate the predictability of oceanic models, using a limited area model of the ocean, as well as ocean observational and forecast data from the BLUElink ocean forecasting system. The limited area model has been used to investigate a domain in the vicinity of Perth, and error growth in this domain has been studied by perturbing sea surface temperatures (SST), using Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). This enables the Jacobian matrix to be approximated with a relatively small number of model runs, and the most significant error patterns to be identified. More recently, data from the BLUElink system has been used to compute the average error growths, for a domain in the Tasman Sea, of three forecasting strategies: persistence, climatology and deterministic forecasts. This study indicates that SST is less predictable than Sea Surface Height (SSH), but surprisingly, the BLUElink system seems better able to predict SST than SSH. The latency of assimilated observations is identified as a major source of error in the deterministic forecasts. Furthermore, predictability is found to be highly flow-dependent, making the a priori selection of forecasting strategy problematic.

Estimate the Social-Economic Benefits of New South Wales Ocean Observing System.
Fan Zhang (f.zhang@student.adfa.edu.au) PhD
Field of Study: Oceanography

The aims of my research are first to explore the relationship between NSW ocean observing system and potential benefit related sectors, then evaluate the social economic benefits that different users and public agencies could get from the information provided by NSW ocean observing system, and finally conduct the cost benefit analysis of NSW ocean observing system. For the beneficiaries analysis, I will focus on three related sectors: commercial fishery, tourism and natural hazard prediction.

Modelling of Tides, Sediment and Nutrients Transport Dynamics in Coastal Oceans.
Dehai Song (dehai.song@student.adfa.edu.au) PhD
Field of Study: Oceanography

This project aims to develop and implement nested high-resolution models to study the inter-annual variability of the circulation and sediment transport dynamics in the Yellow and East China Sea (YECS). The circulation models will be coupled with waves and tides, and incorporate data assimilation techniques. We will explore the major processes of the Yellow and East China Sea inter-annual variability in temperature, salinity and the circulation patterns, using the state-of-the-art data analysis methods including the EOF analysis. Additionally, the remote sensing and the in-situ data will be used to calibrate/validate the numerical model results. The sediment transport model will be based on Wang (2002) and Wang and Pinardi (2002) and be coupled to the Yellow Sea Circulation Model to simulate the sediment transport dynamics of the region. A particular focus of the sediment dynamics will be on the fate of the particulate matter discharged from the major rivers such as Yellow and Yangtze Rivers and their cross-shelf transport mechanisms.

ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation) Impacts on Rice Production in China.
Zhaosu Meng (z.meng@student.adfa.edu.au) PhD
Field of Study: Oceanography

Recent Publications

In Press

Journal - Refereed

Ellicott, D.J. & Robertson, R., in press, Antarctic bathymetry compilations: Which is the most accurate?, resubmitted to Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems (G3,) September 2009.

Li, L., Wang, X.H. & Sidhu, H., 2011, Direct economic loss assessment of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, Marine Pollution Bulletin, (submitted).

Li, L., Wang X. H.; Williams, D., Sidhu, H. & Song, D., 2011, Numerical study of hydrodynamics in Darwin Harbour of Australia, Journal of Geophysical Research, (submitted).

Song, D., Wang, X.H., Kiss, A.E. & Bao, X. 2011, The contribution to tidal duration asymmetry by different combinations of tidal constituents, Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1029/2011JC007270, in press.

Woodham, R., Kiss, A., Alves, O. & Brassington, G., submitted, Selecting forecast strategies for the East Australian Current, in preparation for Deep Sea Research Vol 2 – special edition on the East Australian Current.

2011 publications

Ezer, T., Oey, L.-Y., Xue, H. & Wang, X. H., 2011, Editorial - The 2nd International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO-2010), Ocean Dynamics 61(9), 1287-1289, doi:10.1007/s10236-011-0470-z.

Li, L., Wang, X. H., Sidhu, H. & Williams, D., 2011, Modelling of 3D tidal dynamics in Darwin Harbour, Australia, The Australian and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics Journal, 52 (CTAC2010), C103-123, http://anziamj.austms.org.au/ojs/index.php/ANZIAMJ/article/view/3765.

Liang, Q., Wang, X.H. & Lees, B.G., 2011, Community participation in the management of marine protected areas in China, Labour and Management in Development, Vol 11, 1-10, http://www.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/lmd/article/viewFile/2135/2522 .

Lu, J., Qiao, F.L., Wang, X.H., Wang, Y.G., Teng, Y. & Xia, C.S., 2011, A Numerical study of transport dynamics and seasonal variability of the Yellow River sediment in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 95(1), 39-51, doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2011.08.001.

Qiao, L.L., Wang, X.H., Wang, Y., Wu, D.X., Bao, X.W. & Mu, L., 2011, Winter heat budget in the Huanghai Sea and the effect from Huanghai Warm Current (Yellow Sea Warm Current), Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 30(5), 56-63, doi: 10.1007/s13131-011-0147-y.

Wang, X.H., Qiao, F., Lu, J., & Gong, F., 2011, The turbidity maxima of the northern Jiangsu shoal-water in the Yellow Sea, China, Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 93(3), 202-211, doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2010.10.020.

Wang, X.H., Wang, H., Guan, W. & Guo, Z., 2011, Dynamics of chinese muddy coasts and estuaries: An introduction, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 93, 171-172, doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2011.03.010.

Wang, X.H., Xu, X., Pearson,S., Xue, G., Morrison, R. J., Liu, D. & Shi, P., 2011, Integrated coastal zone management research in Australia and China, Labour and Management in Development, Vol 11, 1-17, http://www.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/lmd/article/viewFile/2098/2487.

Wu, W. & Wang, X. H., 2011, Development of an environmental performance indicator framework to evaluate an environmental management system for Shoalwater Bay Training Area, Queensland, Australia, Labour and Management in Development, Vol 11, 1-26, http://www.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/lmd/article/viewFile/2095/2488.

Zhang, F., Wang, X. H. & Barber, E., 2011, Evaluating the potential economic benefits of the New South Wales node of Australia's integrated marine observing system: (NSW-IMOS), Sociology Study, 1(6), 1-12.

Journal - Letter or Note

Pearson, S., Wang, X.H. & Xu, G. 2011, Coastal management in China and Australia - Introduction to the special edition (Volume 11). Labour and Management in Development, Vol 11, 1-2, http://www.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/lmd/article/viewFile/2092/2490.

2010 publications

Conference - Proceedings Editor

Burns, B.A., Davis, C., Kiss, A.., & Taylor, J.R., (eds) 2010, 'IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences', 17th National Conference of the Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 27-29 January 2010, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 11(1), http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/11/1/011001.

Book - Chapter

Robertson, R.A., 2010, 'Are the deep waters of the Weddell Sea still warming?', Climate Alert : Climate Change Monitoring and Strategy, Yuzhu You and Ann Henderson-Sellers (eds), (8, pp. 111 - 141) , Sydney University Press, Australia.

You, Y., Rossby, T., Zenk, W., Gordon, A., Ilahude, A.G., Suginohara, N., Davis, R., Hu, D., Susanto, D., Richardson, P.L., Villanoy, C., Liu, C.-T., Kim, K., Molcard, R., Fukasawa, M., Pandoe, W.W., Baker, D.J., Koga, M., Qu, T., Fine, R., Gabric, A., Robertson, R., Masumoto, Y. & Riser, S., 2010, 'Indonesian Throughflow: PACific Source Water INvestigation (PACSWIN) An international ocean climate program', Climate Alert : Climate Change Monitoring and Strategy, Yuzhu You and Ann Henderson-Sellers (eds), (408, pp. 238 - 298), Sydney University Press, Australia.

Journal - Refereed

Robertson, R.A.., 2010, Interactions between tides and other frequencies in the Indonesian seas, Ocean Dynamics , 61(1), 69-88, 10.1007/s10236-010-0343-x .

Robertson, R.A., 2010, Tidal currents and mixing at the INSTANT mooring locations, Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans , 50(2), 331-373, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2010.02.004.

Wang, X.H., & Wang, H., 2010, Tidal straining effect on the suspended sediment transport in the Huanghe (Yellow River) Estuary, China Ocean Dynamics, 60(5), 1273-1283, doi:10.1007/s10236-010-0298-y.

Wu, W., Wang, X.H., Paull, D.J., & Kesby, J.A. 2010, Defence force activities in marine protected areas: Environmental management of Shoalwater Bay Training Area, Queensland, Australia, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 28(3), 667-676, doi:10.1007/s00343-010-9113-3.

Journal - Letter or Note

Wang, X.H., & Xu, X. 2010, Australian and chinese scientists discuss coastal zone management, Earth Observing System (EOS), Transactions American Geophysical Union, 91(12),112, doi:10.1029/2010EO120006.

Conference - Full Paper Refereed

Kiss, A., 2010, 'Dynamics of separating western boundary currents in ocean models', 17th National Conference of the Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 27- 29 January 2010, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 11(1):012034. http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/11/1/012034.

Robertson, R.A., 2010, 'Modeling tides and vertical tidal mixing: A reality check', 17th National Conference of the Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 27-29 January 2010.

Robertson, R.A., 2010, 'Tides, the PIG, and "warm" water', 17th National Conference of the Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 27-29 January 2010.

Zhang, F., Wang, X.H. & Barber, E., 2010, Evaluation of the potential economic benefits of NSW-IMOS using improved ocean forecast, in Proceedings of the 12th Annual BIOECON Conference on "From the Wealth of Nations to the Wealth of Nature: Rethinking Economic Growth ", Venice, Italy, 27-28 September 2010, pp. 1-23.

Thesis

Vihang Bhatt, 2010, Modelling dynamics of the East Australian Current and the subtropical mode water off east coast of Australia, PhD Thesis, School of Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, Australian Defence Force Academy, UNSW, Available at:
http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/45704

2009 publications

Journal - Refereed

Jacobs, G.A., Woodham, R., Jourdan, D. & Braithwaite, J., 2009, GODAE applications useful to navies throughout the world, Oceanography, 22(3), 182-189.

Simmonds, F., Wang, X.H. & Lees, B.G., 2009, Comment on 'Marine GIS: Identification of mesoscale oceanic thermal fronts', International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 23(3), 369-373, doi: 10.1080/13658810701851404.

Song, D., Bao, X., Wang, X.H. & Wu, W., 2009, The optimization algorithm for the pathfinder sea surface temperature in the East China Seas, Ocean Science Journal, 44(1), 11-19, doi: 10.1007/s12601-009-0002-7.

Song, D., Bao, X., Wang, X.H., Xu, L., Lin, X.., Wu, D., 2009, The inter-annual variability of the Yellow Sea warm current surface axis and its influencing factors, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 27(3), 607-613, doi:10.1007/s00343-009-9159-2.

Wang, X.H., Li, L., Bao, X. & Zhao, L., 2009, Economic cost of an algae bloom cleanup in China 's 2008 Olympic sailing venue, Eos Trans. AGU, 90(28), 238–239, doi:10.1029/2009EO280002.

Conference paper

Robertson, R., 2009, Tidal effects on circulation and mixing in the Ombai Strait region, 9th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, 9-13 February 2009, Melbourne, Australia. Available at: http://www.bom.gov.au/events/9icshmo/manuscripts/M1530_Robertson.pdf

Conference – Abstract

Ellicott, D. J. & Robertson, R., 2009, Identification of the most accurate Antarctic bathymetric compilation through comparison of publicly available datasets: What on earth is going on down there; and how off earth can we find out? , American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #OS43B-1387.

Robertson, R., 2009, Tidal effects on circulation and mixing in the Ombai Strait region, World Ocean Conference, 12-14 May 2009, Manado, Indonesia.

Robertson, R., 2009, Vertical mixing in ROMS, ROMS/TOMS Asia-Pacific Workshop, 31 March-2 April 2009, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, Australia.

Robertson, R., 2009, Yo-Yo and the PIG, New Zealand Physical Oceanography Workshop, March 2009, Wellington, New Zealand ,.

Robertson, R., 2009, Tidal effects on circulation and mixing in the Ombai Strait region, 9th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography , 9-13 February 2009, Melbourne, Australia.

Wen, W., Wang, X. H., Kesby J. & Paull, D., 2009, Australian Defence Force activities in marine protected areas: Environmental management of Shoalwater Bay Training Area, Australian Marine Sciences Association 46th Annual Conference, Adelaide, 5-9 July 2009, AMSA 2009: Program and Abstract Handbook, p. 247, Australian Marine Sciences Association, Kilkivan, Qld. ISBN: 9780958718530.

Thesis

2008 publications

Journal - Refereed

Ffield, A. & Robertson, R.A., 2008, Temperature finestructure in the Indonesian Seas , Journal of Geophysical Research , 113 , C09009-1-C09009-19, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003864.

Qiao, L., Bao, X., Wu, DL. & Wang, X.H., 2008, Numerical study of generation of the tidal shear front off the Yellow River mouth, Continental Shelf Research, 28(14), 1782-1790, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2008.04.007.

Robertson, R.A. & Ffield, A., 2008, Baroclinic tides in the Indonesian Seas : Tidal fields and comparisons to observations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , 113(C7), 7031, doi:10.1029/2007JC004677.

Zhao, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, X.H. & Lees, B.G., 2008, Lesson from Australian marine parks for promoting the income of our fisher folk, Fisheries Economy Research, 2 , 51-55, in Chinese.

Zhao, L., Wang, X.H. & Lees, B.G., 2008, Managing Australian defence force activities in marine protected areas: Using Jervis Bay as a case study, Ocean Economics Review of China, 2(1), 45-58.

Journal - Non refereed

You, Y., Rossby, T., Zenk, W., Gordon, A., Ilahude, A.G., Suginohara, N., Davis, R., Hu, D., Susanto, D. Richardson, P.L., Villanoy, C., Liu, C.-T., Kim, K., Molcard, R., Fukasawa, M., Pandoe, W.W., Baker, D.J., Koga, M., Qu, T., Fine, R., Gabric, A., Robertson, R., Masumoto, Y. & Riser, S., 2008, PACSWIN: A new international ocean climate program in the Indonesian seas and adjacent regions, CLIVAR Exchanges, 13(2), 30-31.

Conference – Abstract

Robertson, R., 2008, The Indonesian “Mixmaster”, tides, and climate, Climate Change Monitoring and Strategy Workshop, 12 December 2008, Sydney University, Sydney Australia.

Robertson, R., 2008, Are the deep waters of the Weddell Sea still warming?, Climate Change Monitoring and Strategy Workshop , 12 December 2008, Sydney University, Sydney Australia.

Robertson, R., 2008, Baroclinic tides in the Indonesian Seas, INSTANT Meeting, 28-30 May 2008, Palisades, NY, USA.